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Cascade Iris Lacrosse Eye Protection

Eye protection was mandated for the sport of women's lacrosse in 2003.  Part of the mandate is that the eye protection meets the ASTM F803-03 Standards.

The ASTM stands for American Society for Testing and Materials.  The ASTM is one of the largest voluntary standards development organizations in the world.  It is a trusted source for technical standards for materials, products, systems, and services.  The organization is known for their high technical quality and market relevancy and plays an important role in the global economy.

Pretty much all of the lacrosse eye protection out there meets or exceeds these standards.  One of the first companies to come out with innovative lacrosse eye protection is Cascade. They are the creator of the Iris eye guard.  This eye guard was the first of its kind.  It is made of a wire frame with foam padding.  Which gives the player excellent protection and also allows for good ventilation and field of vision.  The open mask keeps it from fogging like traditional eye goggles.  The Cascade Iris™ mask is truly the eye mask that set the standard.  The Iris™ is the number one selling eye mask in lacrosse and has been the choice of most d1 college teams.  The Cascade Iris™ is approved for both lacrosse and field hockey and is the perfect choice for any coach or player looking for a dual-sport eye mask with the customization top teams deserve.

The best part about the Cascade Iris is the choice of color combinations it almost seems endless.  You can choose from the following colors: Green, Carolina Blue, Royal, Navy, Purple, Silver, Black,, Maroon, Scarlet, Orange, Athletic Gold, Yellow, and for the foam additional colors like lime and pink.

Because of their popularity Cascade has come out with other versions like the Iris™ Pro, and Iris™ Mini to give a better fit and better design to the Original Iris™.

Many competitors have come out with their own eye guards so they could gain some of this market share.  Some of these Eye masks are the Debeer Lucent™, STX® 4-Sight+, Bangerz, and Debeer Vista™.  While they have their own unique features The Iris™ still remains number one.

For more information and prices on the Cascade Iris and the other eye guards visit www.morleyathletic.com.

About the Author

Morley Athletic Supply Company Inc. has been in business since 1931. As a fourth generation family member involved in the company, team sports is more than a job it's an obsession. With thousands of new products being developed and marketed every year it is important to keep coaches and players updated on what's new for their sport. I write articles to provide them with this information.

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Helmet Navy Blue
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Toronto Police Service

History

Creation to 1859 reforms

The Toronto Police Service, was founded in 1834 when the city of Toronto was first created from the town of York. (Prior to that, local able-bodied male citizens were required to report for night duty as special constables for a fixed number of nights a year on the pain of fine or imprisonment in a system known as "watch and ward".)

The Toronto Police is one of the English-speaking world oldest modern municipal police departments; older than, for example, the legendary New York City Police Department which was formed in 1845 or the Boston Police Department which was established in 1839. The London Metropolitan Police of 1829 is generally recognized as the first modern municipal department. In 1835, Toronto retained five fulltime constables ratio of about one officer for every 1,850 citizens. Their daily pay was set at 5 shillings for day duty and 7 shillings, 6 pence, for night duty. In 1837 the constables annual pay was fixed at 75 per annum, a lucrative city position when compared to the mayor annual pay of 250 at the time.

Toronto constables circa 1880

From 1834 to 1859, the Toronto Police was a corrupt and notoriously political force with its constables loyal to the local aldermen who personally appointed police officers in their own wards for the duration of their incumbency. Toronto constables on numerous occasions suppressed opposition candidate meetings and took sides during bitter sectarian violence between Orange Order and Irish Catholic radical factions in the city. A provincial government report in 1841 described the Toronto Police as "formidable engines of oppression". Although constables were issued uniforms in 1837, one contemporary recalled that the Toronto Police was "without uniformity, except in one respecthey were uniformly slovenly." After an excessive outbreak of street violence involving Toronto Police misconduct, including an episode where constables brawled with Toronto's firemen in one incident, and stood by doing nothing in another incident while enraged firemen burned down a visiting circus when its clowns jumped a lineup at a local brothel, the entire Toronto Police force, along with its chief, were fired in 1859.

1859 to 1900

The new force was removed from Toronto City Council jurisdiction (except for the setting of the annual budget and manpower levels) and placed under the control of a provincially mandated Board of Police Commissioners. Under its new Chief, William Stratton Prince, a former infantry captain, standardized training, hiring practices and new strict rules of discipline and professional conduct were introduced. Today's Toronto Police Service directly traces its ethos, constitutional lineage and Police Commission regulatory structure to the 1859 reforms.

In the 19th century, the Toronto Police mostly focused on the suppression of rebellion in the cityarticularly during the Fenian threats of 1860 to 1870. The Toronto Police were probably Canada's first security intelligence agency when they established a network of spies and informants throughout Canada West in 1864 to combat US Army recruiting agents attempting to induce British Army soldiers stationed in Canada to desert to serve in the Union Army in the Civil War. The Toronto Police operatives later turned to spying on the activities of the Fenians and filed reports to the Chief from as far as Buffalo, Detroit, Chicago and New York City. When in December 1864, the Canada West secret frontier police was established under Stipendiary Magistrate Gilbert McMicken, some of the Toronto Police agents were reassigned to this new agency.

In 1863, the Toronto Police were also used as "Indian fighters" during the Manitoulin Island Incident when some fifty natives armed with knives forced the fishery inspector William Gibbard and a fishery operation to withdraw from unceded tribal lands on Lake Huron. Thirteen armed Toronto police officers, along with constables from Barrie, were dispatched to Manitoulin Island to assist the government in retaking the fishery operation, but were forced back when the natives advanced now armed with rifles. The police withdrew but were later reinforced and eventually arrested the entire band but not before William Gibbard was killed by unknown parties. (Sidney L. Harring White Man's Law: Native People in Nineteenth-Century Canadian Jurisprudence Toronto: Osgood Society-University of Toronto Press, 1998. pp. 152-153)

In the 1870s, as the Fenian threat began to gradually wane and the Victorian moral reform movement gained momentum, Toronto police primarily functioned in the role of "urban missionaries" whose function it was to regulate unruly and immoral behaviour among the "lower classes". They were almost entirely focused on arresting drunks, prostitutes, disorderlies, and violators of Toronto ultra-strict Sunday "blue law".

In the days before public social services, the force functioned as a social services mega-agency. Prior the creation of the Toronto Humane Society in 1887 and the Children Aid Society in 1891, the police oversaw animal and child welfare, including the enforcement of child support payments. They operated the city's ambulance service and acted as the Board of Health. Police stations at the time were designed with space for the housing of homeless, as no other public agency in Toronto dealt with this problem. Shortly before the Great Depression, in 1925, the Toronto Police housed 16,500 homeless people that year.

Plainclothes officers circa 1919

The Toronto Police regulated street-level business: cab drivers, street vendors, corner grocers, tradesmen, rag men, junk dealers, laundry operators. Under public order provisions, the Toronto Police was responsible for the licensing and regulation of dance halls, pool halls, theatres, and later movie houses. It was responsible for censoring the content of not only theatrical performances and movies, but of all literature in the city ranging from books and magazines to posters and advertising.

The Toronto Police also suppressed labour movements which were perceived as anarchist threats. The establishment of the mounted unit is directly related to the four-month Toronto streetcar strike of 1886, when authorities called on the Governor General's Horse Guard Regiment to assist in suppressing the strike.

20th century

A yellow former Metro Toronto Police car makes an appearance during a parade.

As for serious criminal investigations, the Toronto Police frequently (but not always) contracted with private investigators from the Pinkerton Detective Agency until the 20th century when it developed its own internal investigation and intelligence capacity.

During the 1930s and 1940s, the Toronto Police under Chief Dennis "Deny" Draper, a retired Brigadier General and former Conservative candidate, returned to its function as an agency to suppress political dissent. Its notorious "Red Squad" brutally dispersed demonstrations by labour unions and by unemployed and homeless people during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Suspicious of "foreigners", the police lobbied the city of Toronto to pass legislation banning public speeches in languages other than English, curtailing union organization among Toronto's vast immigrant populations working in sweat shops.

After several scandals, including a call by Chief Draper to have reporters "shot" and his being arrested driving drunk, the city appointed in 1948 a new Police Chief from its own ranks for the first time in the department's history: John Chisholm, a very able senior police inspector. In 1955, the Metropolitan Toronto Board of Police Commissioners was formed in preparation for the amalgamation of the 13 police forces in the municipality Metropolitan Toronto into a unified police force with Chisholm as chief of the unified force. Unfortunately Chisholm was not up to the politics of the Chief's office, especially in facing off with Fred "Big Daddy" Gardiner who engineered almost single-handedly the formation of Metropolitan Toronto in the 1950s. As the Toronto City Police absorbed the surrounding police departments and grew in size and complexity, Chisholm found himself unable to manage the huge agency and its Byzantine politics. In 1958, after a number of conflicts with Gardiner and members of the newly expanded Metropolitan Toronto Board of Police Commissioners, Chief Chisholm drove to High Park on the city's west end, parked his car and committed suicide with his service revolver. The late Staff Superintendent Jack Webster, one of the officers who arrived at the scene of the Chief's death and who would upon his retirement in the 1990s become the Force Historian at the Toronto Police Museum, would later write, "Suicide is a constant partner in every police car."

With the creation of Metro Toronto in 1954, the Toronto Police was eventually merged on January 1, 1957, with the other municipal forces to form the Metropolitan Toronto Police Force:

Former Police Force

Current Community

Field

Division(s)

Scarborough Police Department

Scarborough

Area

41, 42, 43

Etobicoke Police Department

Etobicoke

Area

22, 23

North York Police Department

North York

Area; parts of Central

31, 32, 33; parts of 12, 13, 53

East York Police Department

East York

Central

54

Mimico Police Department

Etobicoke (Mimico)

Area

22

Weston Police Department

York (Weston, Ontario)

Area and Central

12, 31

Forest Hill Police Department

Toronto (Forest Hill, Ontario)

Central

53

Town of Leaside Police Department

East York (Leaside, Ontario)

Central

53, 54

York Township Police Department

York

Central

13

New Toronto Police Department

Etobicoke (New Toronto, Ontario)

Area

22

Swansea Police Department

Toronto (Swansea, Ontario)

Central

11

Long Branch Police Department

Etobicoke (Long Branch, Ontario)

Area

22

In November 1995, the agency was renamed the Metropolitan Toronto Police Service which in turn, in 1998, became the Toronto Police Service after the amalgamation of the former municipalities of metropolitan Toronto.

21st century

ETF Vehicle on Queen Street during an attempted bank robbery and bomb scare

A Toronto Police marine patrol at the Canadian National Exhibition.

Today, the Toronto Police Service is responsible for overall local police service in Toronto and works with the other emergency services (Toronto EMS (TEMS) and Toronto Fire Services (TFS)) and other police forces in the GTA including:

York Regional Police

Peel Regional Police

Durham Regional Police Service

Ontario Provincial Police

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

For most of 2005, the police union and the Toronto Police Services Board (the civilian governing body) were involved in lengthy contract negotiations. The rank and file had been without a contract since the end of 2004, and conducted a work-to-rule campaign in the fall of 2005. The police force is an essential public service and are legally prohibited from striking.

Controversies and allegations of misconduct

A mandatory Coroner's Inquest took place into the police killing of 17-year-old Jeffrey Reodica. Although accounts differ, it is generally accepted that Reodica was part of a group of Filipino teenagers pursuing a group of white teenagers on May 21, 2004, following altercations between the two groups. Plainclothes Toronto police officer Det.-Const. Dan Belanger and his partner Det. Allen Love were in the process of arresting Reodica when he was shot by the officers, the teen died in hospital three days later. Belanger and his partner, Det. Allen Love, were eventually cleared by the Special Investigations Unit (SIU) who accepted their story that Reodica lunged at them with a knife.

In response to the recommendations of the Coroner's Inquest jury, Chief Blair recommended that all plainclothes police officers be issued arm bands and raid jackets bearing the word 'Police' in an effort to increase their visibility in critical situations. Unmarked cars, which are already equipped with a plug-in police light, will also be supplied with additional emergency equipment, including a siren package. The proposals will be phased in over three years beginning in 2008. Undercover officers will also have to wear, carry or have access to standard police use-of-force options such as pepper spray and batons.

In 2004, eight people were shot by Toronto Police, and six of them died from their wounds. The Special Investigations Unit (SIU) investigated each shooting, but found all of them to be justified.

In 2005, the police force was faced with a spike in shootings across Toronto and increased concern among residents. Police Chief William Blair and Mayor David Miller asked for additional resources and asked for diligence from residents to contend with this issue. Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty promised to work with Toronto to fight crime.

In July 2007, Toronto Police were involved in an international incident in which their members pepper-sprayed, tasered, and handcuffed members of the Chilean national soccer team in an attempt to keep control of crowds after their semi-final match in the 2007 FIFA Under-20 World Cup. A police spokesman explained on CBC Radio on the programme Here and Now that police took action against individual members of the Chilean team when they "displayed aggressive behaviour" by vandalizing a bus and arguing with fans. The actions of the police were criticised by the TV and print media in Chile, and initially also in Canada, but following a news conference and more detailed description of behaviour by the Chilean team the criticism (outside of Chile) was withdrawn. FIFA president Sepp Blatter later apologized to the Toronto mayor for the incident, and instigated disciplinary action against the officials and players of the Chilean team.

Funding

As a division of the municipal government of Toronto, the Toronto Police Service's annual funding level is established by a vote of the Toronto City Council in favour of the year's proposed budget. Provided below are historical gross and net funding levels of the TPS as a part of the city's operating budgets.

Toronto Police Service funding as per municipal operating budgets

Year

Gross Amount

% of Year's Gross Budget

Net Amount

% of Year's Net Budget

1999

$540,978,000

9.7%

$522,900,000

20.3%

2004

$707,573,000

10.6%

$679,112,000

23.3%

Chiefs of Police

The chief of police is the highest-ranking officer of the Toronto Police Service (until the 1960s the position was known as chief constable). Most chiefs have been chosen amongst the ranks of Toronto force and promoted from the ranks of deputy chief.

Toronto Police Department

William Higgins 1834

George Kingsmill 1835

James Stitt 1836

George Kingsmill 1837-1846

George Allen 1847-1852

Samuel Sherwood 1852-1858

William Stratton Prince 1859-1873

Frank C. Draper 1874-1886

H.J. Grasett 1886-1920

Samuel J. Dickson 1920-1928

Dennis Draper 1928-1946

John Chisholm 1946-1956

Metro Toronto Police (up to 1995), Metro Toronto Police Service (up to 1998) and Toronto Police Service (1998 onwards)

John Chisholm 1957-1958 (died 1958 from suicide)

James Page Mackey 1958-1970 (died 2009)

Harold Adamson 1970-1980 (died 2001)

Jack W. Ackroyd 1980-1984 (died 1992)

Jack Marks 1984-1989 (died 2007)

William J. McCormack 1989-1995

David Boothby 1995-2000

Julian Fantino 2000-2005

Mike Boyd 2005

Bill Blair 2005-present

The Special Investigations Unit

The actions of the Toronto Police are examined by the Special Investigations Unit, a civilian agency responsible for investigating circumstances involving police and civilians that have resulted in a death, serious injury, or allegations of sexual assault. The SIU is dedicated to maintaining one law, ensuring equal justice before the law among both the police and the public. They assure that the criminal law is applied appropriately to police conduct, as determined through independent investigations, increasing public confidence in the police services. Complaints involving police conduct that do not result in a serious injury or death must be referred to the appropriate police service or to another oversight agency, such as the Ontario Civilian Commission on Police Services.

Operations

Toronto Police Headquarters

Toronto Police Headquarters is on College Street near Bay Street in the downtown area. The former HQ at Jarvis Street was turned into a museum (and since re-located to current HQ). The current site was once home to the Toronto YMCA. The current sign in over the main entrance still reads "Metropolitan Toronto Police Headquarters" and still has the seal of Metropolitan Toronto, and since 2007 has the current Toronto Police Service crest.

The Toronto Police Service is divided into two field areas and 17 divisions (police stations or precincts):

Central Field Command encompasses the central portion of the city of Toronto

11 Division, 209 Mavety St.

12 Division, 200 Trethewey Dr.

13 Division, 1435 Eglinton Av. W.

14 Division, 150 Harrison St.

51 Division, 51 Parliament St.

52 Division, 255 Dundas St. W.

53 Division, 75 Eglinton Av. W.

54 Division, 41 Cranfield Rd.

55 Division, 101 Coxwell Avenue.

Toronto Police 41 Division in Scarborough.

Area Command encompasses the former cities of North York, Scarborough and Etobicoke. It also includes portions of the cities of Toronto and York, and the Borough of East York (excluding Leaside).

22 Division, 3699 Bloor St. W

23 Division, 5230 Finch Ave. West

31 Division, 40 Norfinch Dr.

32 Division, 30 Ellerslie Av.

33 Division, 50 Upjohn Rd.

41 Division, 2222 Eglinton Av. E.

42 Division, 242 Milner Av. E.

43 Division 4331 Lawrence Ave. E near Morningside Avenue

Note: Public Safety Unit is located at 4610 Finch Avenue East next to the former Charles O. Bick Police College

Support units in the Toronto Police Service consists of:

Specialized Operations Command

Detective Services, 40 College St.

Forensic Investigation Service, 2050 Jane Street. (FIS)

Homicide Squad, 40 College St.

Provincial ROPE Squad, 40 College St.

Drug Squad, 40 College St. - replaced Toronto Police Service's Central Field Command Drug Squad from the 1990s

Organized Crime Enforcement , 40 College St.

Fraud Squad, 40 College St.

Hold-Up Squad, 40 College St.

Intelligence Services, 40 College St.

Sex Crimes Unit, 40 College St.

Guns and Gangs Unit

replaced the Asian Crime Unit, Hate Crimes Unit

Toronto Anti-Violence Initiative Strategy (TAVIS)

Toronto Police Emergency Task Force officers on a call.

Operational Services

Communications Services, 40 College St.

911 Operations Centre, 703 Don Mills Rd.

Court Services, 40 College St.

Prisoner Transportation Unit, 9 Hanna Avenue.

Emergency Task Force, 300 Lesmill Rd.

Marine, 259 Queen's Quay W.

Mounted and Police Dog Services, 44 Beechwood Drive (1989) - Mounted Drill Unit

25 horses with 45 officers

21 officers with 17 general dogs, 4 drug dogs and 1 explosives detector dog

Parking Enforcement, 1500 Don Mills Road.

Public Safety and Emergency Management, 4610 Finch Avenue East

Traffic Services, 9 Hanna Avenue.

Transit Unit, Various TTC Locations. Supplements and assists Special Constables of the TTC Special Constable Services

Community Mobilization Unit

Auxiliary, Volunteer and Rover Program

Youth Programs

Empowered Student Partnership

Toronto Recreational Outreach Outtripping Program (TROOP)

Public Education and Crime Eradication (PEACE) project

Policing on most 400-series highways (like King's Highways 401, 400, 427, 404) are in the jurisdiction of the Ontario Provincial Police. Toronto Police Traffic Services is responsible for patrolling on local highways (Allen Road, Don Valley Parkway, F.G. Gardiner Expressway and the Toronto section of Highway 409).

Workforce

The Toronto Police Service has approximately 5,710 uniformed officers and 2,500 civilian employees. Its officers are among the best paid in Canada. In October 2008, the Toronto Police Service was named one of Greater Toronto's Top Employers by Mediacorp Canada Inc., which was announced by the Toronto Star newspaper.

Fleet

Police cars, also known as police cruisers are the standard equipment used by Toronto Police officers for transportation. The vehicles are numbered in regards to their division and car number. For example, 3322 represents that the vehicle is from 33 Division, and the following 22 symbolizes that the car works in Zone 2 for that Division and it is car number 2 for that zone. e.g. 5421 would be 54 Division, zone 2, car 1.

Other fleet numbering patterns include:

6XXX - Traffic Services/Transit Unit

TAVX - Toronto Anti-Violence Initiative Strategy (TAVIS)

ETFXX - Emergency Task Force

MUXX - Marine Unit

PSUXX - Public Safety Unit

PKEXX - Parking Enforcement

CRTXX - Court Services

BCUXX - Bail Compliance Unit

SROXX - School Resource Officer

RMSXX - Records Management Services/Courier

PDSXX - Police Dog Services

FISXX - Forensic Identification Services

MTDXX - Mounted Unit

COMDX - Command Post vehicle

CFCX - Central Field Command (mobile command post vehicles)

VSUXX - Video Services Unit

MotorcyclesProduct list and details

Product list and details

 Make/Model 

 Type 

 Status 

 Origin 

Chevrolet Camaro

Highway Unit

Retired

 United States

Chevrolet Caprice

General police vehicle

Retired

 United States

Chevrolet Cavalier

Parking Enforcement, Document Services Section

 Mexico United States

Chevrolet Impala

General police vehicle

retired

 Canada

Chevrolet Malibu (2001-2005)

Community Sweeper Unit car

 United States

Chevrolet Malibu (2006)

Parking Enforcement Unit

 United States

Dodge Charger

(marked) General police vehicle, Traffic Services, Community Sweeper Unit

 Canada

Dodge Neon

Parking Enforcement, Document Services Section

 United States

Smart fortwo

Parking Enforcement car

 Germany

Ford Crown Victoria

(marked) - General police vehicle, Traffic Services, Community Sweeper Unit

 Canada

Ford Crown Victoria- (black/blue stripe, grey/grey stripe)

Stealth Police Cruiser.

 Canada

Ford Focus

Parking Enforcement car

 United States

Ford Taurus

(Highway Patrol)

retired

 United States

Plymouth Caravelle

General police vehicle

retired

 United States

Volkswagen New Beetle

Safety Bug car

 Mexico

Honda Civic/Civic Hybrid

Parking Enforcement car

 Canada

 Make/Model 

 Type 

 Status 

 Origin 

BMW K1 (K75RT)

Motorcycle

 Germany

Harley Davidson FLHTP

motorcycle

 United States

Boats

Product list and details

 Unit # 

 Make 

 Type 

 Notes 

Marine Unit 1

Hyke Industry

Dive Platform & Command Vessel marine boat with Volvo Penta Turbo Chargd 350 hp (260 kW) engines

Marine Unit 2

VIP Boat - Mohogany & Oak Classic Patrol Boat

Marine Unit 3

Long Range Search and Rescue Vessel with Re-Righting Capabilities

Marine Unit 4

Hyke

patrol boat

Marine Unit 5

Hyke

wooden motor boat - patrol boat

Marine Unit 6

Hyke

patrol boat

Marine Unit 7

Hyke

patrol boat

SRV1

service vessel

Marine Unit 9-11

Zodiac

30-foot (9.1 m) Zodiac Rigid-hulled inflatable boat (RIBs) with twin 300 horsepower (220 kW) four-stroke motors

Marine Unit 12

fan boat

Marine Unit 8

Zodiac

28-foot (8.5 m) Zodiac with a Covered Wheelhouse, Twin Turbo-Disel Jet Drive Engines

1 "HUSKY"

airboat

used for operating over ice

MU00

Seadoo GTX-4

personal watercraft

Support vehicles

Product list and details

 Make/Model 

 Type 

 Status 

 Origin 

Chevrolet Express

van - Commercial Vehicle Enforcement, Collision Reconstruction

 United States

GMC Savanna

vans - Radio Services and Court Services

 United States

GMC C series light truck

ETF

 United States

Chevrolet Suburban

SUV - ETF, Marine Unit, Police Dog Service, Public Safety Unit, Radio Services

 United States

Ford F350

pickup truck with horses trailer - Mounted Unit

 United States

Armet Armoured Vehicles Incorporated/Ford Trooper - using F-550 chassis

tactical vehicle - ETF

 United States/ Canada

Ford Van

Explosive Disposal Unit, Forensic Identification Service

 United States

Ford F-series or GMC Vandura trucks

Prisoner Transportation Services Court Wagons

 Canada

Freightliner Trucks FL mobile

mobile command unit

 United States

Ford F-series truck chassis

tow truck

 United States

Ford Van

van RIDE

 United States

GMC Safari

SUV Parking Enforcement

 United States

Jeep Cherokee

SUV

 United States

Northrop Grumman Remotec Andros MK V1A and Andros F6B

bomb unit robots

 United States

General Motors Diesel Division T6H -5307 series

Metro Police Auxiliary AUX1 and AUX 2 bus - ex-Toronto Transit Commission 7960

 Canada

Motor Coach Industries MCI 102A

2 recruitmen buses

 Canada

Motor Coach Industries MCI-9

bus

 Canada

Orion Bus Industries Orion I

bus

 Canada

Community Relations trailer - community donated

 Canada

Bikes

Product list and details

 Make/Model 

 Type 

 Status 

 Origin 

Norco Bicycles Cross Country

mountain bikes

 Canada

Aquila Scandium

mountain bikes - Community Action Policing

Specialized operations

Members of the Toronto Police mounted unit

Emergency Task Force

Main article: Emergency Task Force (TPS)

The Emergency Task Force (ETF) is the tactical unit of the Toronto Police Service. It is mandated to deal with high-risk situations like gun calls, hostage taking, barricaded persons, emotionally disturbed persons, high risk arrests and warrant service, and protection details. The unit was created in 1965. An earlier non-SWAT Riot and Emergency Squad emerged in 1961. Part of its role is now undertaken by the ETF, Public Safety and Emergency Management and the Mounted Unit.

Mounted unit

The horse unit was formed in 1886 to provide crowd control and now stationed at the Horse Palace at the Canadian National Exhibition (CNE). The unit has been based at Casa Loma, Toronto Zoo, Sunnybrook Stables and at various division in Scarborough, Ontario, and North York, Ontario. The unit has a strength of 27 horses and 40 officers.

Police horses Honest Ed and Spencer were invited to the swearing in of United States President Barack Obama by Michigan Multi- Jurisdictional Mounted Police Drill Team and Color Guard.

Horses

Honest Ed (2004); named for Ed Mirvish

Samson

Lady

General

Harry

Keith

Dragoon

Spencer

Winston

Royal

Dundas; named after Dundas Street

Lincoln; named after former Lieutenant Governor of Ontario Lincoln Alexander

Boot ; named after former chief David Boothby

Simcoe

Blue Moon

Sabre

Elvis; named for Mount Unit officer killed on duty

Dorothy

Thor

Stuart

Champ

Viscount

Toby

Duke

Champ

Trooper

Blue Moon

Charger

Juno Beach

Major

Justice

Horses killed while on duty:

Brigadier (born 1998 near Listowel, Ontario) - 2006 - motor vehicle collision

Lancer - 2002 - motor vehicle collision

Police dog services

The Toronto Police K-9 unit was created in 1989 and is deployed to search for suspects, missing persons and other duties:

The service has 17 general purpose dogs. Nero and Rony are dogs attached to this unit. There are 4 drug enforcement dogs and 1 explosives detector dog (Mic).

21 officers and dogs are assigned to this unit and based at 44 Beechwood Drive in East York, Ontario.

Court Services

This section does not cite any references or sources.

Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009)

In the early 1980s, the Toronto Police Service (TPS) initiated the hiring of civilian personnel to fill the position of Court Officer. Court Officers are primarily responsible for the safety and security of the public within Toronto's busy court locations, as well as the transportation, security, and safety of over 400 prisoners attending court each day. Prior to 1980 this function was performed by uniformed Police Officers under the supervision of a Police Sergeant at each court location. In 1980 the first class of twenty civilian employees were appointed by the Police Services Board to replace the uniformed Police Officers at the court locations. These Court Officers were sworn in as Special Constables, pursuant to the provisions of the Police Services Act, which conferred onto them the powers of Police Officers for the performance of their duties.

As the city policing needs expanded, so did the continued civilianization of Court Services. In 1984 the first civilian supervisors were trained to replace the Police Sergeants. These supervisors reported to a Detective Sergeant who was responsible for managing all the TPS personnel assigned to a particular court location.

In the mid 1980, the Summons Bureau became a part of Court Services and the Civilian Summons Servers and support staff took on an expanded role under the newly created Document Services Section. The title Summons Server was changed to Document Server to reflect the expanded responsibilities. Document Servers are responsible for serving summonses, subpoenas and other court documents on individuals required to attend Toronto courts.

Court Services later took on the responsibility of overseeing the Matrons, now referred to as Custodial Officers, which is a small but dedicated group of employees tasked with managing female prisoners at a central location.

By 1990 Court Officers had taken over the responsibility of transporting prisoners in specialized wagons between the court locations, divisions and correctional facilities; a task previously performed only by uniformed Police Officers. This centralized service became known as the Prisoner Transportation Section. By 1995 Court Services promoted its first civilian to the position of Location Administrator, replacing the Detective Sergeants who were formerly in charge of the court locations. Today all sections within Court Services are managed by civilian Location Administrators. These Location Administrators report to one of two Staff Inspectors, who in turn report to the Superintendent of Court Services.

The role of the Special Constable within Court Services has developed significantly beyond its original mandate. As new laws were introduced by Parliament, and the City law enforcement needs became increasingly complex, Court Services evolved to assist the TPS in meeting those demands.

Court Services now employs over 700 of the Service 2500 civilian employees. It comprises several subunits including Prisoner Transportation, Document Services, the Training Section, and the Computer Assisted Scheduling of Courts (CASC). The role of the Special Constables within these subunits includes the service of legal documents; the execution of warrants; the collection DNA samples from convicted offenders; assisting the TPS Public Order Unit in maintaining order during public demonstrations; and being involved in all aspects of the Court Officer hiring and training process. In addition, members of Court Service are often utilized by the TPS for other specialized community outreach initiatives, such as the TPS Aboriginal Peacekeeping Unit; the TPS United Way fund raising initiative; and the Toronto Drug Treatment Court.

The growth in size of the Court Services Unit necessitated the creation of several specialized functions. A centralized Risk Management Section was created, tasked with the responsibility of investigating any complaints and disciplinary issues involving Court Services personnel. It is staffed by a team of detectives, under the supervision of a Detective Sergeant. The position of Crown Police Liaison Officer was also created allowing for a Detective Sergeant at each criminal court location who is dedicated to assisting the Crown Office with the processing of court cases.

As the City demand for additional court rooms increases, so does the responsibility of Court Services. There are currently 16 court locations across Toronto, with a total of 257 court rooms. In 2008 approximately 106,000 in-custody accused appeared in these court rooms. Also in that year, the Prisoner Transportation Section transported approximately 186,000 prisoners between police divisions and to and from detention centres. This required a professional staff of clerks, Police Officers and Special Constables, all working collaboratively in an impressive demonstration of excellence through people and partnerships.

Toronto Parking Enforcement

Parking enforcement on all roads and public property are the responsibility of Toronto Police.

Uniforms

TPE officers are provincial offences officers able to issue parking tickets under part II of the Ontario Provincial Offences Act. They do not carry any use of force items and are unarmed, but are issued kevlar vests for safety. They are peace officers pursuant to section 15 of the Police Services Act of Ontario for the purpose of enforcing Municipal By-Laws.

Their uniform consists of a blue shirt, black cargo pants with blue stripe, a black vest and a cap with blue stripe. Boots are similar to front line TPS officers. In winter months TPE officers have a blue jacket with reflective trim. Patches on the jackets and shirts are similar to the TPS, but with a white back ground the blue wording "Parking Enforcement".

Fleet

Their vehicles have the same paint scheme as the older TPS squad cars, but they are label with Parking Enforcement' and PKE or "PKW".

Toronto School Crossing Guards

Adult crossing guards at various intersections and crosswalks are employed and paid by the TPS. They are under charge by various Division across the city.

Marine unit

TPS is one of several police forces along Lake Ontario with a marine unit.

TPS has a fleet of 15 boats based along marine unit stations in south Etobicoke (Humber Bay West Park), Toronto Harbour and Scarborough (Bluffer's Park):

TPS Marine unit works in conjunction with:

Canadian Forces Search and Rescue unit at CFB Trenton

Peel Regional Police Marine Unit

Durham Regional Police Marine Unit

Niagara Regional Police Service Marine Unit

Halton Regional Police Marine Unit

Hamilton Police Service (Ontario) Marine Unit

Uniforms

Besides wearing the reflective vest, guards are supplied with a police issue jacket. The jackets have a patch similar to the TPS, but it has a white background and identification as school crossing guards. A winter hat similar to the Ushanka are worn in cold weather.

Sidearms and weapons

Glock 22 Large frame .40 - Regular uniformed officers

Glock 23 Compact frame .40 - Detectives

Glock 17 Large frame 9 mm - Emergency Task Force (TPS)

Glock 19 Compact frame 9 mm - Emergency Task Force (TPS)

Taser - Regular uniformed supervisors and specialized units

Pepper spray (OC Spray) - Regular uniformed officers

TPS formerly used Smith & Wesson prior to switching over to the Glock.

Weapons used by the ETF include:

MP5A3 9 mm submachine gun

Remington 700 bolt-action sniper rifle

Remington 870 shotgun (Can be issued to Regular Uniformed Officers)

Mossberg M500 shotgun (Can be issued to Regular Uniformed Officers)

Diemaco C8 carbine rifle (Can also be employed by member's of PSU when doing Court Security)

Taser International M18 taser

Taser International X26 taser

Pepper spray (OC Spray)

Tear gas (CS Gas)

Rubber bullets or bean bags rounds

ARWEN 37 37 mm riot gun (and AR-1 plastic baton rounds, may also be available to crowd/riot control officers)

Uniform

Auxiliary Police.

Front line officers wear dark navy blue shirts, cargo pants (with red stripe) and boots. Winter jackets are either dark navy blue jacket design Eisenhower style, single breasted front closing, 2 patch type breast pockets, shoulder straps, gold buttons, or yellow windbreaker style with the word POLICE in reflective silver and black at the back (Generally worn by the bicycle police). All ranks shall wear dark navy blue clip on ties when wearing long-sleeve uniforms.

Auxiliary officers (shown to the right) wear light blue shirts, with the badging of auxiliary on the bottom of the crest. Originally front line officer also wore light blue shirts but changed to the current navy blue shirts in the Fall of 2000.

Hats can be styled after baseball caps, combination caps,or fur trim hats for winter. Motorcycle units have white helmets. Black or reflective yellow gloves are also provided to officers with Traffic Services. Front line officers usually wear combination caps since that is the location of their badge.

As is the case with all Ontario Law Enforcement Officers, uniformed officers wear name tags. They are in the style of "A. Example" where the first letter of the first name is written and the last name next to it. Name tags are usually stitched on with white stitching on a black background, but they also have pin-styled with black lettering on a gold plate.

Senior officers wear white shirts and a black dress jacket.

Logo

The components of the TPS logo is similar to the old Metro Toronto Police logo less the name change:

winged wheels of industry on the top part of the shield

crown commemorating the coronation year of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953

two books for education

Caduceus - Roman god of commerce

chevron for housing

beaver from the city of Toronto logo

Ranks

Rank epaulettes

The rank insignia of the Toronto Police Service is similar to that used by police services elsewhere in Canada and in the United Kingdom, except that the usual "pips" are replaced by maple leaves.

Commanding officers

Besides the Chief of Police, the other command officers are the Deputy Chiefs. They head the command units:

Divisional Policing - Kim Derry (current)

Executive - Peter Sloly (current)

Human Resources - Keith Forde (current)

Specialized Policing - Anthony Warr (current)

The Chief Administrative Officer is a civilian post, currently held by Tony Veneziano.

Police senior officers

The day-to-day and regional operations are commanded by senior officers:

Staff Superintendent

Superintendent

Staff Inspector

Inspector

Investigative non-commissioned officers

Investigations are divided into crimes against persons and crimes against property. These investigations are conducted by:

Detective Sergeant

Detective

Detective Constable

Police officers

Staff Sergeant

Sergeant

Constable - first class, second class, third class, fourth class

Sworn members

Special Constable - Court Officers, Prisoner Transportation officers, Document Servers, Custodial Officers

Ranks

Locational Administrator

Shift Supervisor

Supervisor

Officer

Unsworn members

Cadet

Rover

Parking Enforcement Officer

Station Duty Officers

Communicator Operators

Training

New and current officers of the Toronto Police Service train at the Toronto Police College on Birmingham east of Islington. The initial training is 2 weeks, followed by 12 weeks at the Ontario Police College in Aylmer, Ontario and then 6 weeks of final training at Toronto Police College. Charles O. Bick College was closed in July 2009.

Emergency Services

TPS is part of Toronto's Emergency Services and works along side with:

Toronto Fire Services

Toronto EMS

Heavy Urban Search and Rescue

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Toronto Police Service

Auxiliary Constable

Emergency Task Force

History of crime in Toronto

TTC Special Constable Services

Police Recruitment Canada

References

^ HISTORY OF THE TORONTO POLICE PART 4: 1875 - 1920

^ Police killed unarmed teen, family says

^ Jeffrey Michael Reodica Inquest Jury Recommendations, Office of the Chief Coroner of Ontario

^ Toronto Police Services Board, Minutes of the Meeting of April 26, 2007, pages 85-90

^ Chilean soccer team involved in melee with police

^ La Nacion.cl

^ FIFA vows action after U-20 brawl

^ Torontoist: Lazy Avec Le "Metro"

^ a b Toronto Police Service. "Toronto Police Division Boundaries and Addresses". http://www.torontopolice.on.ca/uniform.php. 

^ http://www.torontopolice.on.ca/communications/selection.php

^ "Reasons for Selection, 2009 Greater Toronto's Top Employers Competition". http://www.eluta.ca/top-employer-toronto-police-service. 

^

^ "Toronto police duo saddles up for Obama". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/news/world/uselection/article/572006--toronto-police-duo-saddles-up-for-obama. Retrieved 2009-01-16. 

External links

Toronto Police Official Site

Toronto Police Services Board

Toronto Police History

Toronto Police history 2

22 Division Toronto Police Service Rovers

Inquest into Jeffrey Reodica shooting begins

v  d  e

  Law enforcement agencies in Canada

Federal

Canada Border Services Agency  Canadian Forces Military Police  Canadian Forces National Investigation Service   Correctional Service of Canada  Environment Canada Enforcement Branch   Royal Canadian Mounted Police   Canadian Rangers

Provincial

Alberta Sheriff   British Columbia Sheriff Services  British Columbia Conservation Officer Service   Combined Forces Special Enforcement Unit of British Columbia   Ontario Provincial Police   RCMP "E" Division  Royal Newfoundland Constabulary  Sret du Qubec

Regional and

municipal

Abbotsford Police Department  Barrie Police Service  Brockville Police Service  Calgary Police Service  Central Saanich Police Service  Charlottetown Police Department  Delta Police Department  Durham Regional Police Service  Edmonton Police Service  Fredericton Police  Gananoque Police Service  Greater Sudbury Police Service  Guelph Police Service  Halifax Regional Police  Halton Regional Police Service  Hamilton Police Service  Lethbridge Regional Police Service  London Police Service  Medicine Hat Police Service  New Westminster Police Service  Niagara Regional Police Service  Ottawa Police Service  Peel Regional Police  Port Moody Police Department  Rgie intermunicipale de police de la Rivire-du-Nord   Regina Police Service  Rothesay Regional Police Force   Saanich Police Department  Saskatoon Police Service  Service de police de la Ville de Laval  Service de police de Longueuil  Service de police de la Ville de Montral  Service de police de la Ville de Qubec  Thunder Bay Police Service  Timmins Police Service  Toronto Police Service  Vancouver Police Department  Victoria Police Department  Waterloo Regional Police Service  West Vancouver Police Department  Winnipeg Police Service  York Regional Police

Specialized

Anishinabek Police Service  CN Police  Calgary Transit Public Safety and Enforcement Section  Canadian Pacific Railway Police Service  Niagara Parks Police  Nishnawbe-Aski Police Service  Special Investigations Unit  South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service  McMaster University Security Service  Treaty Three Police Service  TTC Special Constable Services  University of Toronto Campus Community Police Service  YRT/VIVA Special Constable Services

Defunct

British Columbia Provincial Police  Newfoundland Rangers  Organized Crime Agency of British Columbia

Manpower

Aircraft Protective Officers  Auxiliary Constables  Bylaw enforcement officers  Firearms Officers   Peace officers  Special Constables

Boards

and Commissions

Military Police Complaints Commission  Police board

Lists

Aboriginal Police in Canada  List of law enforcement agencies in British Columbia  List of law enforcement agencies in Canada  Provincial correctional services in Canada

Museums

RCMP Heritage Centre   Rotary Museum of Police and Corrections   Vancouver Police Museum   Winnipeg Police Museum

v  d  e

Government and politics of Toronto

Mayor City Council Toronto Public Library Toronto District School Board Fire Services Housing Police Service Toronto Support Services Division Toronto Technical Services Division Toronto Water Toronto Shelter, Support & Housing Administration Division

Categories: Municipal government of Toronto | Toronto Police Service | Rescue agencies | Organizations established in 1834Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references from December 2009 | All articles needing additional references | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from September 2009

About the Author

I am China Crafts Suppliers writer, reports some information about cruise patrol , aluminum v hull.

Helmet Navy Blue Questions

Are the Chicago Bear helmets black, or dark navy blue?

I have always heard they were black, but I have always thought they were a slight shade lighter. I'd like to know what others think.

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Helmet Forest
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Kenya Bird Watching Safaris/ Tours

Kenya has one of the richest avifaunas in Africa. With around 170 species of Kenya's birds being Palearctic migrants mainly from Eastern Europe,Russia,  the Middle East and Serbia, you are sure to get your dream birding holiday.  60 species migrating regularly within the Afrotropics or from Madagascar. 335 Species are found in the forest 230 species are entirely forest dependent.

A bird watching safari can be combined with a beach holiday safari for those who would like to experience a bit of jungle and the comfort of the white sand beaches of the Kenyan coast making it a paradise treat holiday. In the coastal region we have various birding spots such as the Mida Creek. It has an area of 26100 ha. and streches for almost 40 km along the seashores  and its a fascinating world of cultures to discover, lying at 0-10 m above the sea level. The area comprises of a complex of marine and tidal habitats on Kenya's north coast, streching from just south of Malindi town southwards to beyond the entrance of Mida creek. Habitats include inter-tidal rock, sand and mud, fringing reefs and coral gardens; beds of sea grass; coral cliffs, platforms and islets; sandbeaches; and mangrove forests. The sand dunes are great workout to build leg muscles and the tiny sand granules are fantastic as they massage every nerve of your foot - it's natural reflexology. The species of focus will include among others the Crab plover, Terek sandpiper, Mangrove kingfisher, Greater Sandplover, Eurasian Oystercatcher among others. It is a perfect place photographing the humbling and magnificent Mangrove forest (the magical trees) of Mida creek.

There is also the Arabuko Sokoke forest with an area of 41600 ha at an altitude of 0-21m above sea level. It has tree types of habitats namely mixed forest, Brachystegia and Cynometra forest.Here we find species like Sokoke scopes owl, Clarke's Weaver, Amani sunbird, Ant-eater thrush, Eastern Nicator, Mombasa woodpecker among other globally threaten species that only occurs in this forest.

Away from the coast there is the Lake Nakuru an alkaline pink dotted lake at the floor of the Great Rift Valley. It is a host to a wide variety of  bird species and even one of the worlds most gregarious birds, the flamingo. You also get to encounter the great white pelican, pink backed pelican, all water birds that breed in alkaline waters, the white stork, marabou stork, it hosts over four hundred species. The tropical rain forest known as the Kakamega forest which is in the heart of an intensively cultivated agricultural area, is a superb remainder of virgin tropical rainforest and is of course the home to a wide range of specialty birds, many which are not found anywhere else in Kenya. The forest is not only home to the rare De Brazza's monkey (only found in Kakamega Forest), but also to the Hammer-headed Fruit Bat, Flying Squirrel, 400 species of butterflies and no less than 330 species of birds.
Yes, birding in a forest has its fair share of difficulties but this is easily forgotten when our count increases with hopeful sightings of the impressive Black-and-white-casqued Hornbill, Ross' and the Great Blue Turaco. Other notables are the Grey-headed Negro-finch, Red-headed Bluebill, Chestnut Wattle-eye, Mackinnon's Shrike and many more.

There are many birding spots in Kenya to  be covered in just one article and below is a sample itinerary just to give a clue of a safari flow however a tailor made

The Kenya birding safari starts in Nairobi National Park followed by the Rift Valley Lakes which is a mixture of fresh water lakes (Naivasha and Baringo) and salt water lakes (Nakuru and Bogoria). Further west we find the unique Kakamega Forest, a remaining patch of the tropical rain forest . We end the tour birding in Masai Mara, the Africa of everyone's dream: rolling plains, great wildlife and a wide diversity of birds species.

DAY 1: NAIROBI NATIONAL PARK
After breakfast we drive to the Nairobi National Park, which despite being only a few kilometers from the city, is a home to big game. In its open grasslands scattered with acacia trees we will see the first game like Gazelles, Zebras, Giraffes and maybe some of the Cats.
On our birding venture we will see Ostrich, Secretary Bird, Crowned Crane, Vulture, Cattle Egret, Great Egret, Tawny Eagle and a herd of Buffaloes should provide Red-billed Oxpecker perched on their backs. Black Kite, Marabou Stork, Pied Crow and African Palm Swift are also available in the park.
A walk around the Hippo pools should give us our first sighting of the Nile Crocodiles and the Helmeted Guineafowl. In the Yellow-backed Acacia, look out for Grey Crowned Crane, Red-throated Tit and Chestnut-banded Plover.
Overnight at a hotel in Nairobi.

DAY 2&3: MENENGAI CRATER And LAKE NAKURU

After breakfast we leave Nairobi via the Nakuru road to the Rift valley. The Nairobi - Nakuru road is on a contour along the rim of the Rift valley and on viewpoints we will be able to see our whole route for the next days.
On the way we take a brief birding stop at the Limuru Swamp to see resident birds species such as Little Grebe, Yellow-billed and Maccoa Duck, Pelicans, Coots, Egrets and Herons. Soaring are Black Kite, Augur Buzzard and Pied Crow.
The Menengai area is very beautiful with cliff walls and steam jets filling the crater with mist. It is only 10 km from the Nakuru National Park and has not been touched by tourism. This is an easy to explain situation as safari evolves around wildlife with other geographical features being relegated to viewpoints that is if they happen to be visible from a highway. Fortunately Menengai Crater is off the highway, so it is spared the viewpoint ritual of convoys of tour buses stopping for the mandatory 10 minutes break of photo taking.
In the afternoon of day 3 we will do a birding walk in the crater where we will enjoy the beautiful contrasts of nature. Rocks that have stood the test of time, natural springs with mirror clear water, lava that reminds us that this is the Rift Valley and baboons trooping around with their babies. Possible sightings here are the Common Stonechat, Yellow-rumped Seedeater, Cinnamon-breasted Rock Bunting, Yellow Bishop, Yellow-mantled Widowbird, Northern Anteater chat, White-fronted Bee-eater and Shallow's Wheatear.

On day 4 Lake Nakuru

We go bird watching in Lake Nakuru, which is famous for its thousands of Lesser Flamingos - the Greater Flamingoes will be easily distinguishable by their height. The Great White and Pink-backed Pelican and Black-winged Stilt are also there.
The lake has a low concentration of salt, so it supports fish that of course attract other water birds.
It is a good place to look for Avocets, Storks, Ibises, Ducks, Cormorants, Herons, and Terns. In the wooded acacias there is a chance to see the White-browed Coucal, Broad-billed Roller, Arrow-marked Babbler and the Narina Trogon.
We go with a picnic lunch, so that we can take a full day for birding and game viewing in the park.

DAY 5, 6 & 7: LAKE BARINGO
After breakfast we head further north to Lake Baringo which without doubt is a one of the most interesting places for bird watching in Kenya because of the different habitats that are found with-in a small radius. There is the fresh water lake with a slight degree of alkalinity, cliffs, open grasslands as well as scattered bushes.
Over 400 species of birds have been recorded. The woodlands by the lake are alive with White-browed Sparrow-Weavers, Jackson's and Red-billed Hornbills, Bristle-crowned Starlings, and the rare Northern Masked Weavers, there are several Hamerkops along the lakeshore and with luck we should be able to see their nest, which a pair of Grey Kestrels have adopted as a home. There will be time to relax, enjoy the pool, and bird the grounds of the lodge for the resident Spotted Eagle-owls, and Sunbirds such as the Beautiful, Hunter's and the Violet-breasted. Nightjars are common on the lakeshores at night and the Hippos graze freely on the lodge's lawn. Overnight is at lodge.

On day 6 Lake Bogoria

we go birding to the nearby alkaline lake of Bogoria, famous for its thousands of flamingos and beautiful hot springs. As this area is very hot, we go early and return to the Baringo Country Club in time for a late lunch. Afternoon is spent birding leasurely in the garden of the lodge.
Before breakfast on day 7 we will bird the escarpment and surrounding countryside for Hemprich's and Eastern Yellow-billed Hornbill, White-crested Turaco, Madagascar Bee-eater, Rufous-crowned Roller, Gabar Goshawk, Cliff Chat and Verreaux's Eagle which feeds on the Rock Hyrax.
Later on the day we make a boat ride over Lake Baringo, always on the lookout for new bird species. We will come close to the Goliath Heron, African Fish Eagle, Malachite Kingfisher, plus swimming hippo and crocodiles.

DAY 8 & 9: KAKAMEGA FOREST
Kakamega forest, in the heart of an intensively cultivated agricultural area, is a superb remainder of virgin tropical rainforest and is of course the home to a wide range of specialty birds, many which are not found anywhere else in Kenya. The forest is not only home to the rare De Brazza's monkey (only found in Kakamega Forest), but also to the Hammer-headed Fruit Bat, Flying Squirrel, 400 species of butterflies and no less than 330 species of birds.
Yes, birding in a forest has its fair share of difficulties but this is easily forgotten when our count increases with hopeful sightings of the impressive Black-and-white-casqued Hornbill, Ross' and the Great Blue Turaco. Other notables are the Grey-headed Negro-finch, Red-headed Bluebill, Chestnut Wattle-eye, Mackinnon's Shrike and many more.

DAY 10: LAKE NAIVASHA
A scenic transfer through the Nandi Hills and the tea rich area of Kericho takes us back to Nakuru and further south to the Lake Naivasha area.
Lake Naivasha is a fresh water lake without a known outlet. This is very strange considering that the rivers that feed it are salty. The lake has dense vegetation, which in turn supports a variety of birds. The area has a bird count of 350 species.
We reach Lake Naivasha in time for a late lunch where we'll stay for the next two nights. In the afternoon we do a bird walk in the garden of the hotel, which borders the lake. A late afternoon boat ride gives us not only the chance to see numerous Hippos but also a wide variety of fresh water birds. A nocturnal visitor in this lodge is the hippo, whose deep munching we will easily identify from the comfort of our rooms.

DAY 11: HELL'S GATE NATIONAL PARK
Hell's Gate is only a short drive away from the lodge. The first part is open grasslands bordered with steep rock cliffs in which the Rüppell's Griffon Vulture nests. Easy sightings here are the Verreaux's or Black Eagle, Common Ostrich, Black-shouldered Kite, White-fronted Bee-eater, Grassland and Long-billed Pipit, Northern and Schalow's Wheatear, Lilac-breasted Roller...
The narrow gorge has a completely different habitat and hence very different birds: Yellow, Grey and African Pied Wagtail, Red-cheeked Cordonbleu, Purple Grenadier, Common Drongo, Superb Starling, Brimstone Canary, Common Waxbill, White-browed Robin-Chat...

DAY 12, 13 & 14: MASAI MARA
We head to the famous Masai Mara National Reserve, which borders Serengeti in Tanzania. Mara is the gem of birding and game viewing in Kenya with 450 species recorded. We will drive through Masai land, home to one of the most fascinating cultures in Africa.
In the vast grasslands we expect to see Elephants; the large Cats - Lion, Leopard, and Cheetah; the herd animals - Zebra, Wildebeest, Thompson's and Grant's Gazelles; and specialties like the Hartebeest and the Topi.

Expected bird species are the highly conspicuous Common Ostrich, the small but still conspicuous Cardinal Quelea, Sooty Chat, Ground Hornbill, Open-billed Stork, Temminck's Courser, Yellow-throated Sandgrouse and Denham's Bustard. Lilac-breasted Rollers are common. If we find a kill, we may see six species of vultures all dining together: Egyptian, Hooded, Griffon, Lappet-faced, White-backed and White-headed.

In addition we will encounter numerous raptors such as Bateleur, Martial and Tawny Eagles, as well as Pale Chanting Goshawk, Augur Buzzards and Black-chested Snake Eagles. Along the Mara River we'll watch for African Finfoot, Schalow's and Ross' Turaco, Crested Guineafowl, Woodland Kingfisher, Yellow-billed Barbet, Black-billed Weaver, Violet-backed Starling, and perhaps with luck, Pel's Fishing Owl. Any tapping noise on the trees may be indicative of the relatively uncommon Woodpeckers (Golden-tailed and Fine-banded). Hopefully we will be lucky enough to see some of the more difficult to see mammals such as Bat-eared Fox, Hunting Dog, Serval and the delightful Banded Mongoose.

DAY 15: Maasai Mara - Nairobi

Heading north to Narok, we stop to browse in the bustling, vibrant Maasai markets to buy curios and handicrafts before continuing to Nairobi where our safari end

For your tailor made birding safari you can always contact Beaverline safaris for your tailor made birding safari  as well as a wide range of safari products to East Africa

About the Author

Muchina is a tour consultant with Beaverline Safaris a Nairobi based tour operator commited to giving its clients the best of services through its highly effient and dedicated stuff. For all your East Africa Travel needs kindly contact Beaverline safaris at info@beaverlinesafaris.com or visit our Website at http://www.beaverlinesafaris.com

Helmet Forest Questions

Do you know this movie?

I saw this movie in the late 70s or early 80s. All I remember is that at the beginning a beautiful brunette is kneeling in front of a man with her back to him. I think she's wearing a blue hooded cloak. She takes off her hood, and he taps her on each shoulder with a sword before beheading her. I vaguely remember the next scene had soldiers riding in the forest with medieval helmets on.
My viewing was then interrupted, and I've been trying to identify the movie since then. I would be grateful if someone could identify it for me.

Is it an animated film? or live action?

How bout The Undead

Two psychical researchers procure the services of a lady of the night and send her back in time under hypnosis. She finds herself in the body of a past existence - a woman in medieval times waiting to be beheaded as a witch. By avoiding this fate she unwittingly starts to alter history.

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0051128/plotsummary

Funny Joke?

i really want to hear a funny joke listen to this one what do you think?

there is a bear and a rabbit in the forest (their both male) they come across a genie and each get granted 3 wishes the bear wishes that all the bears in the forest except him were girls the rabbit wishes for a helmet the bear then is thinking the rabbit is stupid for not wishing for money and just buying a helmet. the bears second wish is that all the bears in the neiboring forest were all female. the rabbits second wish is for a new motercycle and once again the bear is thinking he is stupid for not wishing for money and just buying a motercycle. the bears third wish is that all the bears in the world except him are female. the bear could not wait to hear the dumb wish the rabbit was about to make the rabbit then says i wish the bear was gay.

that joke was extrememly funny you get 5 stars

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Incontinence Panties For Active Women: They're Not Your Granny's Panties

Modern incontinence panties are a far cry from the ugly, bulky, "granny panties" of the past. Perfect for today's active woman, the new generation of protective underwear offers security, comfort, and confidence with style.

In the past, women had few options for managing urinary incontinence. The selection of protective underwear available in retail stores was often limited to unisex garments that most active women found bulky, ill-fitting, and uncomfortable.

For the millions of women who experienced mild occasional stress incontinence (the leakage of small amounts of urine when coughing, laughing, sneezing, lifting, etc.), the commercially available undergarments seemed like overkill. Many opted instead for "make do" systems using ordinary panties in combination with cut-up disposable diapers or sanitary napkins. Though less bulky than the commercial garments, these combinations were uncomfortable, prone to shifting, and rarely provided truly secure leak protection.

Over the past decade the situation has changed dramatically. Innovative new materials and an increased emphasis on style and comfort have resulted in a broad selection of protective undergarments that meet the needs of women with all levels of incontinence, and online shopping makes them available to everyone.

For women managing mild occasional stress incontinence, special panties with permanent pads sewn into the crotch area may be the perfect solution. Made of body-hugging stretch material to hold the padding securely in place, these garments provide just enough protection for complete confidence with an absolute minimum of bulk. Most also feature a special moisture-wicking liner that prevents odors and keeps the body dry.

These garments look and feel almost exactly like ordinary panties, and they can be washed and dried with the rest of the laundry. They are available in a wide selection of colors, prints, and textures, and some manufacturers even offer bikini-cut designs.

There are also stretch panties designed with a special pocket into which either reusable or disposable absorbent pads may be inserted. The stretch material keeps the padding securely in place and the pocket design makes changing pads fast, easy, and discreet. These panty-and-pad systems are generally sold together to guarantee the best fit and protection.

This type of system can be an excellent choice for women who experience a greater degree of incontinence, and they are also a good option for work, traveling, overnight, or any time when extended wear protection is needed.

Even women with severe incontinence can now find comfortable, attractive options in undergarments. Waterproof pants made to be worn over adult diapers were once considered a last resort measure because they were stiff, hot, bulky, and uncomfortable. But they are now made of softer, lighter weight, more flexible materials that make stiffness, cracking, and discomfort a thing of the past. Many also feature a streamlined shape that is roomy enough to accommodate an undergarment without creating unwanted bulkiness under outer clothing.

About the Author

As many as 20 to 30 percent of women experience some level of incontinence. Buying the right incontinence pants for women is a crucial part of managing this condition - find out how to select the products that are right for you at Incontinence Pants & Products.

Unisex Padded Questions

Going baby shopping tonight?

I am trying to bring my memory up. I went baby shopping alomost 7 years ago. And only I needed to buy for my youngest was diapers. I got rid of everything. I know babies grow up fast. I already have swing bouncer crib and bassinet and changing table. How many baby towels and wash clothe's i need. I think I have one or two package of 8 onesis of newborn. I have some bottles already. Nursing pads I think I might have enough but might need more. But how many different sizes I need for onesis. Also want else would I need. I also have a baby bath tub and carseat. I think I have some blankets. What would unisex clothe's color incase they have them in sale. I don't know want I am having yet. I am out of miscarriage part. I am in the mood baby shopping tonight. I have my two boys help me. Thanks. This would give me a good idea. I sure don't want to buy to much stuff.
Also. the baby be born in winter time here where I live.

I know some people don't think you should have a shower with 2ND or 3rd children but you have gotten rid of everything and it was 7 years ago.

I would buy 7 washclothes--I would get 5 towels and 2 robes (most say less but I went and got extra because well my things disappear (grandma)
For onesies an 8 pack of white onesies per size 0-3,3-6, 6-9(I would buy 4 pk preemie and 4 pk newborn because you never know and you could always save them for a gift or donate them to the hospital.)
Unisex colors are yellow, green, red, orange, white. But blue could be as well depending on the design.
I would also buy a some bibs a few packages, burp cloths (10), receiving blankets (10), sleepers in all sizes (if you do buy preemie and newborn only buy a few and get the rest in other sizes), I also would buy a nice outfit in all sizes (both of my kids hospital picture clothes were too big and I sent grandma and daddy to the store to buy smaller. Don't forget waterproof pads, and quilted waterproof matress pads and crib sheets, changing table sheets and waterproof pads, bassinet sheets and waterproof pads (I changed my babies' sheets a lot)

*nightgowns for boy or girl-
*long sleeved onesies w/ cuffed sleeves
* I love the velcro onesies
*I love the zippered sleepers
-do not waste your money on a bottle warmer or other "convience items"it is quicker to warm a bottle on the stove--mine took 5 minutes, I never used it--I guess it's in case you don't have a stove.

http://www.guide-to-baby-needs.com/wardrobe.html

http://www.webmd.com/baby/guide/what-to-buy-pregnancy

buy something to organize baby's things--such as a plastic shower caddy--you can put all of the diapering things in the caddy and it can move with you from room to room-I have a set of drawers downstairs that I keep diapers, wipes, cream, extra clothes, socks in too--
I would get a pack n play especially if the baby has an upstairs room-- they have them that come with 'bassinets' and 'changing tables' now. It was and still is one of my most used gifts--the baby naps in it--time out--and if I need to scoop her up fast so i can deal with her brother

for your diaper bag

http://www.parents.com/baby/gear/registries-buying-guides/checklist-packing-your-diaper-bag/

what else do I need if anything???

here is a list of what I already have.
1. crib
2. changing table
3. dresser
4. bouncer seat
5. cradle glider(kindof like a bouncy seat only it goes back and forth and side to side)
6. diaper bag
7. 2 packs of newborn diapers and 1 pack size one
8 bottles
9. formula
10. bedding set
11. some unisex clothes
12. hooded towels
13. wash clothes
14. carset
15. 3 packages of sinsitive skin wipes
this is a list of what I'm goingto buy tomorrow
1. bottle warmer
2. wipe warmer
3. changing pad for the changing table
4. bottle sterilizer
5. video baby monitor
6. cradle swing
7. pack n play
8. bassinet
9. carseat stroller combo
10. baby clothing detergent
11. baby bath (soap, lotion, powder, butt medicine,etc)
I know I will need more diapers, wipes, formula, and clothes but what else is there? I know I have lots of time left but with my my daughter money got tight and we didn't have everything we needed for her so I'm trying to get everything I need now.

A jumparoo for the baby when it is older...my son would spend forever it it, he had so much fun (and I was able to get a lot of housework done). Also, I couldn't live without Gripe Water, it works for gas, colic, upset stomach etc....my son would cry all night without it. I use a co-sleeper instead of a bassinet. I tried the bassinet but I couldn't hear him breathing plus I had to get up every two hours or so to feed him. With the co-sleeper it attaches to your bed so they sleep separately but you can just pull them over to you so they can eat. If you are not breastfeeding there is always the breathing thing but maybe I'm a little more paranoid than some...

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Hot Christmas Toys for 2010 for Boys, Girls, Teens, Toddlers and more

Welcome to the best Christmas gift ideas for quick holiday shopping on the internet. No more worrying about holiday traffic while your on the search for gifts, and no more waiting an hour in checkout lanes. You can do all of your Christmas shopping straight from your chair at www.HotChristmasToyStore.com. These items are all from bestseller lists, so you'll know what your getting will be gifts they'll love, and at prices you can't beat.

Gifts for the Entire Family

Before we get into each individual age group, let's start by looking at the best gifts for the entire family. This is usually a time as well as money saver, especially if your looking to make several people happy with a single gift!

Nintendo Wii

The first thing on our list, and it's a great addition to any home, is the Nintendo Wii. Your thinking, why a video game system? Just listen! The Wii has a large variety of games on it that will suit the needs of all age groups, and it's pretty cheap itself. On top of that you'll get your loved ones the valuable exercise that they need by getting Wii Fit. This is a great way to slip in a method to give your family exercise where they least expect it! Stay healthy, play the Wii!

Personal Computer

This is always a great addition to your household. Aside from all the fun and enjoyment of staying connected with friends and family online, it's also a useful tool to become computer literate, as well as a great way for children to do school research. On top of that, it's also also a great way to play video games. Think of a personal computer as a all-in-one present.

Household Movie Projector

Have you ever considered turning a blank wall in your home into a theater? This is a new craze these days due to the low cost of the projectors. I do recommend getting some type of sound system for your theater too!

Board Games

This is a low costing solution to those on a budget, yet still want to purchase a gift that involves the entire family! Two games come to mind, and they are both some of the bestselling games out there. They are Settlers of Catan and Apples to Apples. The Settlers of Catan game is a good one, my brother picked it up and we've played several times with my dad and other brother (4 players). Apples to Apples is game about making comparisons between different things, it's highly entertaining for a group of people.

Video games are a popular item among people of all ages, and these would make great gifts for just about anyone, both men and women, and boys and girls. There is plenty of action for everyone! I wasn't going to make this it's own section, but due to the amount of information I had create it. Enjoy!

Gaming Console

I bet you already knew, huh? Boys and girls just love their video games, that is certainly nothing new! It's basically a toss-up between the Xbox 360, the Playstation 3 (PS3), and the Nintendo Wii. At this point your at a crossroads since you may have no idea which system to buy, so I'll try to be a bit helpful with your decision. Out of the three, the PS3 is the most powerful system as well as includes a built-in Blu-Ray player which may save you in the long run. The Xbox 360 is another powerful system, and it features a normal DVD player. The Nintendo Wii is the most affordable system, but the system itself isn't that powerful, it's just fun and friendly, especially when entire families are playing it.

Xbox 360 - If you don't feel like spending a lot of money for the PS3, yet want to get a gift that is both popular as well as powerful, get the Xbox 360. This can play regular movie DVD's as well. You need to pay for Xbox Live membership if you want to play online games, it's not too expensive though. Also the online gameplay is pretty smooth and clear.

Playstation 3 (PS3) - Get this if you don't mind spending extra money. You may end up saving in the long run since your child may sooner or later want a Blu-Ray player, and this comes with one. The PS3 let's you play online for free, if you have broadband internet already.

Wii - If you know the boy wants a gaming system and you don't have one yet, and at the same time you don't have the money to burn for the more powerful and expensive systems, this is the best that your going to get.

I'm a pretty hardcore video gamer as well, and I may be a bit bias when I say that it's more likely that your boy will enjoy the Xbox 360 or the PS3 the most. The Wii is a fun system, but it's processors are not the most powerful and it makes the graphics not as good. I suppose the best rule of thumb would be this, just ask "What type of gaming system does your friends have?" and most likely they'll answer it, and at the same time it's not directly telling them that your getting him one. *** The game consoles I listed are bundles, which means they come with games. I did this on purpose just in case you forgot to get your boy a game and only the system, which at that point is pretty pointless! Just looking out for you! 

Christmas Gift Ideas for Babies

We're going to start with babies, and then work our way up from there. There are lots of baby gift ideas out there, the only problem is, is which is right for the baby that you are buying for? Let's have a look at what's on the bestseller lists, perhaps something will tickle your fancy.

Baby Nurse Call Monitor

Your probably a bit confused by this, but don't worry! This is a great gift for those who are expecting, or perhaps a couple with a recent newborn who is trying to gather the much-needed baby supplies. This makes a useful gift, and one that the baby would appreciate!

Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether

This item which is made from 100% rubber and food paint is the perfect gift for a baby who is just beginning to teethe, after all it's part toy and part child development all rolled into one.

Baby Einstein Take Along Tunes

What better way to promote auditory development than letting your baby sing-along with 7 high quality classical melodies! From reading the reviews, this item has proven to be quite popular among new parents!

Cloud b Twilight Constellation Night Light

This has over 860 responses on Amazon, it's quite popular! Think of this as a stuffed animal that has another use, it's also a nightlight! The shell glows in 3 soothing colors, and five endangered sea animals illuminate one at a time.

LeapFrog Learn & Groove

Inspire your baby with learning over 40 songs and 15 activities, such as tap, slide, roll, or spin. It introduces shapes, numbers, and counting, as well as features legs that attach to the table as the baby grows.

Stuffed Animals with Soothing Sounds

This is an excellent gift for those wishing to help their babies sleep better, which allows helps the parents sleep better as well! There are many different types of stuffed animals that play soothing songs, but we're only going to show a few on this list (the bestsellers) to give you some ideas.

Kiddopotamus SwaddleMe

To go along with the stuffed animals with soothing songs, a good gift would be a blanket that is both snug and fitting, so that it can keep your baby warm at night while he/she listens to soothing songs. As your baby grows the wings can adjust for size and comfort. There are many, many more of these types of blankets, we're only going to show you the one on the top of the list.

Little Super Star Classical Stacker

Have you ever noticed just how many of these stackers you see in houses with babies? This is almost a necessity these days, isn't it? I wasn't surprised seeing this high up on the list, wasn't surprised at all. If your baby doesn't have one of these yet, this would make a great gift!

Gift Ideas for Boys

This is when it starts getting tough, since your asking yourself "What does my boy want this Christmas?" and your mental wheel is just spinning. You don't know, do you? Hopefully this list will give you some ideas for what to get for Christmas! You should be able to find something, since this is only the bestselling items and that itself should say something.

Nerf

There are so many Nerf toys out there that it's hard to pick what exactly your boy would want. So, with that I just picked the top two of the bestselling Nerf toys to hopefully point you in the right direction.

Lego

This has always been a very popular toy over the years, and still remains very popular even today. Due to the shear amount of Lego toys out there, as I'm pretty sure you know, I'm only going to list the top few, otherwise you'll be spending the next twenty four hours just browsing Lego toys!

Handheld Gaming System

There are two handheld gaming systems that are quite popular, the first is the Nintendo DS, which stands for Nintendo Dual-Screen. The next is the PSP, which stands for the Playstation Portable. To be honest, it's hard to pick between the two, but on the bright side I have no doubt whichever one you buy your son will be quite happy!

Remote Control Vehicles

I remember growing up and having a remote control monster truck called Big Bubba. It was one of the most memorable experiences growing up, the only downside was when I drove it into a lake, that was no fun. I guess we all learn the hard way! I'm only going to show the top two bestsellers since there are so many to choose from. The number one bestseller is a remote control helicopter which I remember seeing an add for, it has plenty of good reviews of it too and it's also cheap.

Scooters

A scooter is always a good gift. Why? Because it gets the boy outside for exercise and fresh air! I had one of these two while growing up, and I remember always having a tough time choosing between this and my bike. This would make an excellent gift that is both fun and healthy!

Gift Ideas for Girls

Finding the right gifts for pre-teen girls isn't easy, since their now starting to blossom into young ladies their needs are a bit complex. With the help and input of my friends (notably the female friends) as well as going through the internet and searching bestsellers lists, I've compiled a list of what pre-teen girls would like for gifts. Also, don't forget that girls like video games too!

Scooters

Since we left off with Scooters for boys, we'll start that with girls (We're already on the page). This is the number one pick for scooters for girls, and it's reasonably priced so that helps a lot too. This is both fun as well as keeps your girls healthy and fit!

Bracelet Making Kits

You can't go wrong with this one! Friends get together and enjoy some fun arts and crafts with a bracelet making kit. There are several kits out there, but this one is the first on the bestsellers list, as well as had high rankings.

Stamp Sets

This would make a wonderful addition to the bracelet making kit, you could even have an arts and crafts theme for the holidays. It comes with it's own storage box, so clean-up should be a breeze.

Easy Bake Oven

You knew this one was going to be listed, didn't you? I bet you did! I remember seeing commercials for this as I was growing up, and I even remember trying some Easy Bake brownies at a friends, which to my surprise were quite good! If you do pick this up, I recommend getting additional mixes because you know the ones that come with the oven will disappear quite fast.

Barbie

Did you know that Barbie has Twilight movie dolls? I didn't, until I looked up the bestselling barbies and noticed that Bella, Jacob, and Edward dolls were on the top of the list. I suppose it makes sense due to the movie's popularity. If she likes Twilight, I have no doubt she'll appreciate these gifts!

Stickers

If there is one thing that I've noticed while growing up, is that girls love their stickers. They put them on everything, such as their folders, their notebooks, their diaries, and more. I think this would make a great low costing gift.

Coloring Books

This would greatly compliment the stickers up above, don't you agree? They color their pictures and then after put stickers on them! Coloring books are always great for those who wish to express themselves in the form of art.

Apple Ipod

Does she have a love of music? One of the best gifts you can get is a portable music device, such as Apple's Ipod. They are pretty affordable these days and are great for when she is on the go.

Gifts Ideas for Teen Boys

When boys start getting into their teens, it starts to become quite easy and also very difficult to get them the right gifts. Usually video games are a huge hit still, and quite possibly stay a hit all the way up until their an adult. But, aside from that there are quite a few things that are must-haves for teenage boys! Just remember, teenage boys want to be cool, so only buy things that will go with that image (their definition of cool, not yours).

Electric Guitar

Playing the electric guitar is often considered the hip and cool thing to do when your a teenager, especially a young teen. If someone asks you "Do you play the guitar?" you can respond with "Oh.. yeaa..." which could potentially add some popularity points for you. Aside from that, it's a healthy expression of the soul and quite enjoyable too. This would make a good gift for anyone who is interested in music.

Ipod

I did feature this already for the girls category, but this is the time period in a young man's life that it's considered "cool" to have an Ipod. Besides, if they go out running for track, or biking for fun, an Ipod could be very useful!

Hit Video Games

You may want to check around for the latest video games that are considered smash hits. Often, you can just call up a local store and ask them "What is the latest and most popular game title for [insert your console system here]?" and they will respond with three to four titles for you to choose from. Remember, teenage boys love their action and bloodshed, so the more the merrier!

Laptop

This is the period in a teenager's life where it's important to have their own personal computers. In today's world, a laptop would suit them while they are constantly on the go. Also, at the same time whenever they go off to college they will already have a laptop so you won't have to buy them another one! I do recommend getting one that is capable of playing video games quite well, otherwise you may hear them complain about it.

Sports Gear

A lot of teenage boys are very active, but I'm pretty sure you know that already. They are always into some type of sports activity, and what better way to contribute is to get them some sports gear! The great thing about this is that it's usually pretty affordable too. Please note, be sure they are into sports to begin with, otherwise whatever you buy them may sit on the shelf for the next ten years.

Movies

This has always been a very successful and low costing method of getting gifts for people. Usually you can spend under $20 to get someone a movie they may like. A good rule of thumb is to keep track of the blockbuster hits, and you can by just going to an online movie retailer and sorting it by most rented or most viewed and that should give you an idea of which movie to buy (the most popular). Remember, you want to get him a cool movie.

Board & Card Games

Both board and card games both are very enjoyable as well as usually come with a cheap price tag. Since there are so many board and card games, I'm going to show you only one of each to give you some ideas. These are great gift ideas to beef up your gift giving selection!

Gift Ideas for Teen Girls

Just like teen boys, teen girls are equally as difficult to buy for. This is where having several trustworthy friends (girls) come in handy, as well as doing a bit of research on the bestselling lists in regards to what teenage girls buy. Oh, and yes, teenage girls do play plenty of video games as well! 

Magazines

A lot of teenage girls read magazines, and there are plenty out there to pick from. Due to the competition of the internet and paper magazines, it's driven the printed magazine's price way down, and I mean, really far down. You can get a year subscription for next to nothing these days, and it's worth checking out.

Cell Phone

Yes, that's right! You know girls during their teen years are gossip and text-mongers! Your best bet is to get them a cell phone that comes with a slide keyboard, such as the Rumor or Rant. You know they will appreciate this gift, and you know that it will get a tremendous amount of use.

Girly Movies

I don't mean to label them like this, but it's the best way to quickly get the idea across! Usually teenage girls love movies about relationships and love, and getting them a couple for Christmas would be a great idea!

Diary

Girls love to talk, but they also love to write notes to each other, doodle, and write down secret crushes in their diaries. This is a great gift that I have no doubt will get some use.

Posters

You can't go wrong with posters, although if you get movie star posters I would suggest that you find out who her favorite crushes are concerning movie stars, you wouldn't want to get the wrong one!

Gift Cards

You know that females love their shopping, and getting them gift cards will make them dance around in glee as they consider what their going to spend their gift cards on. This is also great for those that just don't know what to get their kids, what a loophole!

Webcam

Teenagers love staying in touch, posting their newest images on their Facebook, and much more. A webcam can can do both of those, they can talk live with their friends, as well as take screenshots (images) and upload them to Facebook.

Makeup & Lotion

You know that being a woman you need to look pretty, ever thought of giving some gifts such as makeup or skin lotion? There is a lot of different products to choose from, so I listed the top two in regards to makeup and skin lotion. But, you get the idea.

Universal Gifts

You may want to consider getting some universal gifts, just in case you forget someone you can quickly wrap something up and give it to them. All the items here are gender and age neutral, so go wild!

Gift Cards

This is about as gender neutral as you can get! They decide what they want to buy, if it's a male they can go buy their share of gory movies, and if it's a gal they can go buy their favorite perfumes. Your not restricted to what you can buy!

Candy Gift Sets

Usually person loves candy, and there are plenty of candy gift sets out there to fill anyone's tummy full of sweet goodness!

Video Players

These are gender neutral as well, since it's what goes on the inside is what determines who is watching it (the DVD). People always like new gadgets, and this is no different!

Kindle

This is new fad on the internet which is quite popular amongst readers. The Kindle lets you load a lot of digital books, and I emphasize a lot, onto a single reader. You could literally have your entire library at the palm of your hand. This is great for people who want something to read while on the go.

Digital Camera

This is a gift that anyone would love! It's a great idea for anyone wishing to take memories with them, or it even makes a great gift for those looking to be amateur photographers!

Gaming System

There are games that would interest both men and women, boys and girls, so this would be a safe bet if your trying to get something that is gender neutral!

Magazines

There are plenty of magazines out there that don't cater to a particular gender, such as the National Geographic. That has been a hit magazine for a very long time.

Stocking Stuffers

Stockings have been a traditional Christmas idea for a very long time, and it's always a great way to warm up right before the main gift giving event happens! The following list is to give you some ideas of what particular items would go great in a stocking. Also, if your feeling slightly evil, you may want to consider tossing in somegag gifts into the stocking as well.

About the Author

Hubpages; Origin
http://www.HotChristmasToyStore.com

Bike Teen Questions

bike for teens? it sits lower, the wheels are smaller, and usually has pegs. what is that bike called?

I am looking for a bike to buy that is similar to the one I have right now. I have no idea what it would be called though if i type it in craigslist or anything. It sits lower then most bikes, and like I said the wheels are allot smaller, and the ones I see in the store like this always have pegs. can you help me figure out what this bike is, or what brand I should get, ect. thanks (:

Low rider, recumbent, check out.. atomic zombie extreme machines

Why don't teenage Americans understand that we need these jobs ?

American teens that are not in school are going out a mowing yards and detassling corn, and other summer jobs. Every time a person hires a teen to do this kind of work a undocumented citizen looses out. These children do these jobs to have money to buy bikes and x-box 360 . Undocumented citizens need these jobs to buy food for there family . Are americans trying to oppress usus and starve us to death ? Is it right that americans are using their children to undercut our jobs that we need?

It is a political maneuver to make you leave

Don't you see it ?

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